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ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    COURSES OFFERED

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Entry Requirements
A common faculty entry requirement obtains in all the departments as entry into the various departments is only after the Intermediate Year, after a screening process by the faculty.

Course Structure


PRELIMINARY AND INTERMEDIATE YEARS
The department contributes one third of a course titled Descriptive Engineering at the Preliminary and two full courses,
Applied Electricity I and Electronic Engineering out of six Faculty courses, at the Intermediate Year.
QUALIFYING YEAR
EE 301 Applied Electricity II
EE 302 Energy Conversion (½ subject)
EE 303 Circuits and fields
EE 304 Microcomputer Engineering
EE 305 Electronics
ME 303 Engineering Thermodynamics II (½ subject)
ME 301 Mathematics III

HONOURS I
EE 401 Control
EE 402 Energy Conversion
EE 403 Communications
FE 404 Digital Systems
FE 401 Engineer - in - Society (½ subject)
ME 406 Industrial Economics and Management (½ subject)
ME 405 Data Processing and Signal Analysis

HONOURS II
Core Subjects
Electronics and Power Options
EE 501 A Control Systems (½ subject)
EE 502 A Power Systems (½ subject)
EE 503 A Communications (½ subject)
EE 504 A Digital Systems (½ subject)
EE 505 A Project
Power Option
EE 501 B Electrical Machines (½ subject)
EE 502 B Power Systems (½ subject)
EE 503 B Industrial Electronics (½ subject)
EE 504 B Digital Systems Design (½ subject)
Electronics Option
EE 501 C Computer Aided Design (½ subject)
EE 502 C Communications (½ subject)
EE 503 C Industrial Electronics (½ subject)
EE 504 C Digital Systems Design (½ subject)
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department
Computer-related courses in this department are :
a) Microcomputer Engineering
b) Circuits and Fields
c) Electronics
d) CAD
e) Data Processing & Signal Analysis

a) Microcomputer Engineering
(see syllabus for course aims & full contents).
b) Circuits and Fields
Various techniques in circuit analysis and synthesis are treated.
After the theoretical consideration, it is expected that exercises in computer analysis and
simulation will be undertaken with some fundamental introduction to design
and analysis using computer programmes, either ready-made or written by students.

c) Electronics
This is a very important course in the department. Fundamentals will have been treated in
the first year under Electronic Engineering and Applied Electricity I.
It is now proposed that CAD packages in electronic design are introduced at this year under this course. The introduction of those topics and activities will address one of the criticisms levied
by external examiners of insufficient level of computing skills before the project execution both in the third and fourth years.
Invariably students are introduced to CAD only at the fourth year when projects are being given some of which require programming and CAD skills.
The learning period required for the successful execution of the project requirements, invariably reduces the time spent on the actual project implementation
with its obvious implications on the quality of projects submitted. Furthermore, students' appreciation of concepts in Electronics
and circuit theory will be significantly enhanced by exposure to CAD analysis which would also result in confidence building in these areas.
It is felt that the introduction and treatment of these topics at the second year will enable other advanced topics o be considered later on,
as well as more demanding projects given with great practical bias. The students should be more marketable on completion of their degree programme
and will also prove more informed and useful during the industrial attachment period after the third year. They would have appreciated the usefulness of computers as an
engineering tool in design and analysis, skills which would be transferred to industry when eventually employed.

d) CAD.
This course is usually treated at H2 or the fourth year. With the modifications proposed above, more detailed or advanced work would be covered in this year.
The aspect of manufacturing will also be investigated translating the schematic to pcb construction for final testing. A portfolio of exercises will now be required as course work,
being a significant component of the continuous assessment in the CAD programme.

e) Data Processing and Signal Analysis

     

 

SYLLABUS AND COURSES OFFERED QUALIFYING YEAR 

EE 301 APPLIED ELECTRICITY II (48)
To develop basic principles of logic circuits and electrical apparatus Mr I. Thorlu-Bangura/Mr E.F. Kebbie Introduction to logical design, boolean algebra, simple switching systems. Phasor diagrams, 3-phase circuits and power, Electrical bridge measurements. Simple electrical power systems. 

EE 302 ENERGY CONVERSION I (48) To introduce the basic concepts of power engineering and develop familiarity with electromagnetic circuits. Mr. S Silla Revision of electromagnetic theory, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, magnetic materials, hysteresis, eddy currents, the magnetic circuit, A.C. fundamentals. The two-winding transformer. Principles of electromechanical energy conversion. D.C. machines, synchronous machines and induction motors, speed control of electric motors. Applications of electric motors. 

EE 303 CIRCUITS AND FIELDS (48) To develop fundamental electromagnetic and electrostatic field theory. To introduce basic concepts of control theory. Mr E.F. Kebbie/Dr J. Kanu Units and standards. Definition of electric and magnetic quantities. General concept of field forces. Electric field due to charges in free space and other media. Calculation of electric field distributions. Definition and calculation of capacitance. Elementary explanation of polarisation processes in dielectrics. Fields in the region of dielectric boundaries. Energy of a system of charged conductors and storage of energy in an electric field. Forces on charged conductors. Magnetic field of currents in free space and calculation of such fields. Definition of B and H. Ferromagnetism, ferromagnetic materials and their applications. The magnetic circuit. Laws of electro-magnetic induction. Calculation of self and mutual inductance. Energy and mechanical forces in magnetic field. Active networks, 2-port non reciprocal network and applications. Elementary active filters. RMS and mean values of complex waveforms. Simple Laplace Transform theory. Introduction to poles and zeroes of transfer and immittance functions. 

EE 304 MICROCOMPUTER ENGINEERING (48)  

To introduce the structure of computer systems and languages. Mr I Thorlu-Bangura Microcomputer architecture, 8-bit machines, assembly language programming, (6502,6809) interrupts, interface to peripheral devices. Programming in Basic and Pascal. Half of the course hours are spent in the Digital Systems Laboratory. 

EE 305 ELECTRONICS (48)  

To provide a preliminary approach to electronic circuits as amplifiers and switches, with details of relevant devices and integrated circuits (extend content) Mr C.O.L. Asgill Theory of semiconductors. Diodes, transistors, analogue and digital circuits. Design of logic gates and integrated circuits. Amplifiers. Oscillators. 

ME 303 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS II  

Reversible and non-reversible nozzle flow. Gaseous mixtures. Application of first law to ideal gas mixtures, e.g. air conditioning plants, cooling towers, condensers. Application of second law to ideal gas mixtures. Cycle analysis - vapour and gas power cycles, and positive displacement compressors and motors. Refrigeration systems. Fuels and combustion calculations. Combined conduction and convection heat transfer analysis. 

M9 ENGINEERING MATHS III - PURE TECHNIQUES (48)  

Further Partial Differentiation Euler's theorems on homogeneous functions. Jacobians Taylor's theorem for a function of two variables. Maxima and minima Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers. Line and Multiple Integrals Line, double and triple integrals. Evaluation of the integral Transformation of coordinates. Gamma and Beta Functions Definitions and simple properties only. The relation between gamma and beta functions. Ordinary differential Equations Linear equations with constant coefficients. Homogeneous linear equations. Simultaneous linear equations with constant coefficents. Solution in series. Laplace and Inverse Laplace Transforms Transforms and inverse transforms. Solution of linear ordinary differential equations and simultaneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. Solution of simple partial differential equations. Fourier Series Full range Fourier series. Half range Fourier sine or cosine series. Applications in the solution of partial differential equations for waves on a string. Three-Dimensional Coordinate Geometry The straight line, plane, sphere and quadratic. Functions of a complex variable Limits and continuity, Differentiability Cauchy-Riemann equation, Conjugate functions. Determination of a differentiable function whose real (or imaginary) part is given. The elementary functions. 

M10 ENGINEERING MATHS III - APPLIED TECHNIQUES (48)  

Vectors Vector and scalar multiplication involving any number of vectors e.g. (a x b) . {(c x b) x (e x f)} and (a x b) x {(c x d) x (e x f)}. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Vector differentiation. Line and surface integrals illustrated by "work done" and "flux". Gradient, divergence and curl in Cartesian coordinates, and their invariance. Dynamics Motion of a particle in a resisting medium. Damped and forced vibrations. Analogous Electromagnetic and Mechanical Systems. Motion of a particle with variable mass. Probability and Statistics Spherical Trigonometry Sampling distributions -t, x2, F. Area of lune. Estimation and Tests - small samples. Spherical excess. Quality control. Napier and D'Alembert's analogues. Non-parametric tests. Solution of spherical triangles. Design and analysis of experiments. Elementary Decision theory. Numerical Methods Interpolation: Newton's forward and backward. Stirling, Bessel, Everett formulae. Finite differences. Fitting polynomials from finite difference tables. Differentiation and integration (using interpolation formulae above). Numerical solution of differential equations: Taylor's series methods, Euler's method, Runge-Kutta Method, Truncation error. Stability of the Runge-Kutta method. Linear programming.

COURSES OFFERED-Honours School


SUBJECTS OFFERED
FINAL HONOURS 1 Light Currents and Heavy Currents
Communications(1)
Power Electronics
Data Processing and Signal Analysis
Digital Systems(1)
Controls
Energy Conversion, Industrial Economics and Management, Engineer-in-Society

SYLLABUS AND COURSES OFFERED IN FINAL YEAR HONOURS I 

EE 401 CONTROL SYSTEMS I(48)
To develop the topic of control engineering using methods of determining  stability, transient and steady state performance.

Mr S. Silla

Closed loop systems.  Block diagrams and transfer function analysis.  Simple servo-mechanisms.  Stability.  Frequency response methods.  Nyquist, inverse-Nyquist and Bode diagrams.  Transient response and root locus analysis.  Compensating networks.  Analogue computation and simulation.  State variables.

EE402 ENERGY CONVERSION II  (48)
To develop knowledge of power system apparatus.

Mr E.F. Kebbie

Per unit systems of calculation. Synchronous and induction machines A.C.winding and design.  three-phase transformers.  Transmission line parameters  and performance. Control of voltage and frequency in power systems.  Introduction to power system protection.

EE 403 COMMUNICATIONS I (48)
To apply electromagnetic wave theory to communications system. 

Dr J. Kanu

1.	Lines 
	Types of Transmission lines:  Parallel wire, Coaxial cable
	Transmission line concepts		 Primary line constants
	Phase and group velocities		 Line wave length
	Characteristic Impedance	  Propagation coefficient
	Standing waves	Lossless lines at radio frequencies
	Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR)	Transmission lines as circuit elements

	The Smith Chart
	Principles and applications	Normalized impedance/admittance
	Determinantion of SWR on a lossless line	Stub matching (single & double)

2.	Waveguides
		Parallel plane waveguides
	Reflection of waves from a conducting plane	Modes of propagation
	Parallel and normal wavelengths	Cut-off wavelength
	Phase and group velocities	 Concept of phase velocity

	Rectangular Waveguide
	The TEmin & TMmin modes	The dominant mode (TE1,0)
	The characteristic wave impedance	Cut-off wavelength

	Circular waveguides
	Principle of operation	Modes of transmission
	Comparison with rectangular waveguides





3.	Propagation and Radiation of Waves
	Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation in free-space
	The isotropic radiator (power distribution around anisotropic radiator)
	Directivity gain	Field strength at the receiving antenna
	Microwave Radio systems	VHF/UHF Radio systems
	Ionospheric Propagation	Surface wave

4.	Antennas
	The Isotropic Radiator	The power gain of an antenna
	Effective area of an antenna	Effective length of an antenna
	The half-wave dipole	Vertical antennas
	Folded elements	 Loop and Ferrite-rod receiving antennas
	Non-resonant antennas	 Driver arrays
	Parasitic Arrays
	VHF - UHF antennas	Microwave antennas

5.	Linear Continuous- wave Modulation Techniques
	Amplitude Modulation Techniques

	Full AM	Double sideband-suppressed carrier - DSBSC
	Single-sidedband - SSB 	Vestigial side band - VSB
	Transmission power and bandwidth
	Reception of amplitude modulated waves
	Synchronous detection		    Square-law method
	Envelope detection method

EE 404 DIGITAL SYSTEMS I  (48)
To develop logic design techniques of analysis and implementation of circuits

Dr J A Redwood-Sawyerr/Mr I Thorlu-Bangura

1.	Tabular Minimisation (Quine McCluskey Method)

2.	Logic Circuits
		Classifications
		Event driven and clock driven circuits; race free diagrams for secondary variable allocations, dummy states.	State tables	
		State Reduction; Caldwell's Merging rules
		Sequential Equations; NAND and NOR representation
		Race hazards and circuit misoperations; 331/3% property
		Counters; ripple and synchronous counters design and implementation (Divide by N)
		Maximal and non-maximal length counters design and implementation (Divide by N)
		Up-down counters.  Irregular sequence counters
		
3.	Function Tables and Data Sheet interpretation

4.	Shift & Transfer Registers

5.	Computer Timing
		Decoding outputs of Counters.  Use of monostables.  Use of ring counters

6.	Multivibrator Circuits
		Monostable; logic gates and Integrated circuit (74121 non-retriggerable)
		properties and applications.  Astable multivibrators.  Schmitt trigger and application
		


7.	Devices
	 	Characteristics of logic circuits; noise immunity, noise margin
		Designation - current sourcing, current sinking, current mode
		Factors for selection of device technology  (SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, etc.)
		TTL, CMOS, ECL series - analysis and comparison - speed, power dissipation, fan-in, fan-out, circuit configuration.
		Inter-range parameters.  Limiting case fan-out table.  Weighting chart for loading and compatibility

	8.     Microcomputer systems.  
		Assembly language programming, 8-bit, 16 and 32 bits machines.  Input/output, direct 			memory access.  Memory organisation. Introduction to Networks

 
EE 405 DATA PROCESSING AND SIGNAL ANALYSIS  (48)
To illustrate numerical methods of computing in engineering analysis. 
To develop techniques for signal analysis

Dr J Kanu /Dr J A S Redwood Sawyerr

1. 	Computer Programming
	Algorithms for problem solution; the flow chart, algorithm language, procedures and functions

2.	Application of computers 
	Revision of approximation techniques		Types of errors associated with discrete 
	Linear and nonlinear algebraic method		processing of physical quantities
	Algorithm design		Methods of solving a system equations
			Problem solving using computers	
3.	Fourier Analysis
	Generalised Fourier Series: Orthogonal functions	The Exponential Fourier Series
	The Complex Fourier Spectrum		Power spectrum and Parcevals Theorem
	Response of Linear Systems to power signal excitation
	Energy Spectrum and Rayleighs Theorem .	 Properties of the Fourier Transform
	Linear Systems and the Fourier transform.                     Fourier transform of Power signals
	The Discrete Fourier Transform.                                    The Fast Fourier Transform
	Convolution principles and applications                          Power and cross-correlation
	(graphical and analytical)	
	Correlation between waveforms. 		
	Autocorrelation:  Properties of the auto correlation function 
	Autocorrelation and power spectral density - the Wiener-Khintchine Theorem.  Energy Spectral density

4.	Discrete Time Systems
	Linear difference equations.  Solution of homogeneous equations and impulse response
	Impulse response and the convolutionl principle.  Discrete convolution
	Recursive and non-recursive filters
	The z-transform: properties.  Cascaded systems and output response
	FIR digital filters    Inverse z-transform.   Frequency response of DTS
		
FE 401 ENGINEER-IN-SOCIETY
To provide engineering students with global perspective on the impact of engineering activity in society as a whole.

Engineering in historical perspective, engineering as a science, methodology, engineering as a profession, professional bodies, codes of conduct, legal aspects.  Safety standards.



Impact of technology on society;  the technical society, engineering and the environment, resources.  Capital-intensive and labour-intensive developments, stewardship, generations, the limits to growth.  Education and training.  Technical assistance in world perspective.

Technical communications:reading and writing of journals, papers and reports;  oral and visual presentations; meetings.

ME 406 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT
To introduce industrial practice in terms of economics and manufacturing control.

Mr. Z Richards (UNIDO)

Introducing to Scientific Management, management pioneers.  Ratefixing, motion study, motion economy.  Methods and time study, workstudy.  Forms of Production Management - job, batch and continuous production.  Factory loading, materials handling and stores control.  Rate fixing wage systems;  division of manufacturing costs.  Human factor in industry, Industrial Psychology, Communication, leadership, skills.  Mental testing.  Industrial safety.  Environmental conditions.  Economic Philosophy and organisation of Industries in developed and developing countries.  Elements of optional  decision programming techniques.  Effective utilisation of manpower.   Industrial Law.

FINAL HONOURS 2 Light Currents and Heavy Currents
Communications (3) + Computer Aided Design
Or
Electrical Power Machines + Power Systems
Communications (2) + Digital Systems (2)
Digital Systems Design + Industrial Electronics
Power Electronics + Controls
Project

SYLLABUS AND COURSES OFFERED HONOURS II YEAR 

EE 501A CONTROL SYSTEMS II [CORE] (24)
To develop control system design techniques. 

Mr S. Silla

Properties of closed loop systems.  Application of frequency response and root locus methods.  
Control components, examples of control systems.  Multivariable systems.  
Optimisation and modelling. Non-linear control theory and applications.  
Sampled data systems.  Application of statistics to closed loop control systems.

EE502A POWER ELECTRONICS [CORE] (24)
To explain the operation of solid state devices as switches in converter circuits

Mr C.O.L. Asgill

1.	Rectifying devices
	Diode, thyristor, triac, power transistor, power mosfet, thyristor gate characteristic; firing circuits,with device comparison.

2.	Rectifying circuits
	Single phase Half-wave-(diode and thyristors), Bi-phase half-wave (diode and thyristors), 
	Single phase bridge (diode and thyristors), fully controlled bridge, half controlled bridge, Three phase half wave, Six phase, Three phase bridge. Mean values for all of above.

3.	Converter
	Overlap, power factor inversion, regulation,  equation for p-pulse converter.

4.	D C line Commutation
	Parallel capacitance, resonant turn-off, coupled pulse, commutation by another load-carrying thyristor

5.	Frequency conversion
	Cycloconverters.  Three phase inverter, inverter devices

6.	Applications
	Switched mode power supplies, series/parallel connection.  Voltage multiplication.  Voltage regulation.  Introduction to harmonics.

EE 503A COMMUNICATIONS II [CORE] (24)
To describe modulation systems and apply Signal analysis to them.

Dr J Kanu

1.	Angle Modulation Techniques
Phase Modulation ;Frequency Modulation; Single-Tone Frequency Modulation;  Frequency deviation ratio (D); Modulation Index (B) for tone FM; Narrow-band FM;  Wideband  FM  ; Transmission Bandwidth for FM; Carson's rule and approximations for NBFM and WBFM;  direct and indirect methods of generating FM; The discriminator and phase-locked loop methods of demodulating FM waves.

2.	Digital Modulation Techniques
Amplitude shift keying ; Frequency shift keying ; Phase shift keying  (including differential phase shift keying ); Matched filter detectors.


3.	Multiplexed Systems
Frequency division multiplexing; Time-division multiplexing

4.	System Performance with Noise
Signal-to-noise ratios and error probability;  Noise in continuous wave modulation techniques;  Noise in digital modulation techniques

EE 504A DIGITAL SYSTEMS II  [CORE] (24)	
To develop the techniques of software engineering

Mr I. Thorlu-Bangura

Introduction to operating systems, compilers, systems analysis, software engineering.  
Programming in high level language. (Pascal)

EE 503B/C INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS [CORE] (24)
To describe transducers for industrial measurement.
To relate power electronics to power engineering. 

Mr C.O.L.Asgill

1.	Number systems
	 Codes (2's complement, , sign and magnitude, 1's complement, off set binary).

2.	D/A and A/D converters
	Weighted resistor, R-2R ladder network, sample and hold, successive Approx. =  counter type.  dual slope/integrator, parallel conversion, selection criteria, 
	 Typical source of error in A/D, D/A.  Microcomputer D/A and A/D interfacing

3.	Angular digital encoders
	  Absolute Encoders;
      Contact/magnetic/optical encoders,Principle of incremental encoders.  Pulse probes/digital 	
	     Tachometers, linear transducers, Moire fringe, force and fluid temperature sensors;
    Opto Electronics;
      Definition and units, Light production, Photo detectors, photo voltaic devices, solar cells, LEDS
	Opto coupler, Lasers.

4.	Industrial Applications
	Programmable controllers, UPS, Switched mode power supplies.   Robots.

EE 504B/C DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN [CORE]

To introduce microcomputer hardware and software design in electronic and business systems. 

Dr J. A. Redwood-Sawyerr 

	Replacement techniques in logic circuits
	Shift register Feedback counters - De Bruign diagrams
	Shift register Exlusive-Or Feedback Counters and sequence generators
	Hazards in logic circuits
	Fault diagnosis in combinational circuits
	Decoders and de-multiplexers
	ROMS, PROMS, PLAs, FPLAs
	Use of ROMS and PLAs in sequential circuit designs
	Interfacing to devices. Logic analysers, hardware and software, debugging.  Standard interface
         bus.


EE 501B ELECTRICAL MACHINES [POWER OPTION] (24)
To further develop performance analysis of electrical machines

Mr E.F Kebbie

  1.	Generalised Theory:	
	Induced emf and torque developed in singly-excited and doubly-excited systems.
Stored magetic-field energy and the concept of co-energy

  2.	Synchronous Machines:
	Ac winding design.  MmF and Emf waveforms.  Real and reactive power control 
	Synchronous reactance.  Voltage Regulation.  Motor starting methods.

  3.	Induction Motors:	
	Production of starting torque Equivalent circuit, determination of circuit parameters.  
Circle diagram. Starting methods.  2/1 pole changing and P.A.M. methods; 
Single-phase Induction Motors; Linear Induction Motors.

  4.	D.C Machines:
	Field excitation, generated emf, armature reaction, commutation.
           Torque-speed characteristics; speed control of dc motors.	 	


EE 502B POWER SYSTEMS [POWER OPTION] (24)
To describe the operation, design and maintenance of electrical power systems with more emphasis on the transmission and distribution systems. 

Mr. S. Silla

Power system stability.  Power system analysis, using computer methods.  Assymetrical fault analysis, simultaneous faults.  Overvoltages, system earthing, phase and amplitude comparators, system 

insulation, surge phenomena, system dynamics, transients controllers and regulators, multi-machine system dynamics, static power conversion, and inversion.  High voltage d.c. transmission, convertor arrangements - operation and control.  System planning, economic comparisons.


EE 501C COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN [ELECTRONICS] (24)
To describe the hardware devices and software packages used CAD

Mr C.O.L. Asgill
1.	CAD fundamentals and benefits

2.	Hardware.  Input/output devices, plotters, printers, VDU/Printers, Secondary store.

3.	Software. Configuration, constructing geometry, transformation, wireframe/solid modelling, CAD/CAM integration.  Introduction to the ORCAD package.

4.	Command language.  Lexical & syntactic, finite state machines, Semantic Routines.

5.	Numerical control.  Basic components of NC System, NC procedure, Applications of NC

6.	Industrial Robots. Robot physical configuration, Basic robot motions





EE 502C COMMUNICATIONS III [ELECTONICS OPTION] (24)
To present advanced modulation and information theory and error control coding related to data communications

Dr J A Redwood-Sawyerr

1	Pulse Modulation
		Pulse analogue modulation:  Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Duration 
		Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation 
		Generation and spectral analysis

		Sampling theorem and PAM demodulation
		Nyquist Sampling principle
		Time Division Multiplex  of PAM signals, Quasi-PAM or "Sample and hold" principle
		Pulse digital modulation
		Pulse code modulation 
		Basic principles: Sampling, quantisation encoding and decoding. 
	      Flat top PAM and PCM generation                          Ideal Sampling
		Analogue-to Digital Conversion 
		Digital-to-Analogue Conversion	                         TDM of PCM signals
		Modulation in the presence of noise (S/N versus quantization levels)
		Introduction to Delta modulation methods
		Modulation of PCM onto a carrier
		Signal-to-noise ratio versus bandwidth
		non-linear distortion and companding

2		Information Theory:
		Revision of elementary probability theory;  Sum and product rules;
		Interpretation of Information Theory;
		Definition and discussion of information received i.e. information content;
		Average Information H, and entropy;
		Entropy of joint events (Binary channel/non-binary channel);
		Redundancy;
		Channel representation;  transition probabilities., matrix computation of channel entropy;
		Interpretation of entropies;
		Transinformation and channel capacity;  noiseless channel, binary symmetric channel;
		Channel capacity versus Information or transmission rate;
		Hartley - Shannon law of information;
		Bandwidth versus SNR - limiting case, discussion and analysis.

3		Coding:
		Fano, Huffman and algebraic coding principles
		Linear block codes; H-matrix (parity check matrix) determination.
		Syndrome evaluation for error detection and correction
		Hamming distance and error detection of transmitted codewords

4		Block Schematic Discussions of Complete Communication Systems :
		FDM system using AM/FM techniques; transmitter, receiver, repeater
		TDM system using PCM/ASK technique

5.		Long Distance Transmission and Multiplexing
		Grouping of telephone channels; Basic group, super group, master group, etc. (CCITT standards)
		Formation of FDM Basic group for SSB transmission
		Independent side band (ISB) techniques
 

SUBJECT WEIGHTINGS
 Communications (3) + Computer Aided Design =0.6
Or Electrical Power Machines + Power Systems=0.6
Data Processing and Signal Analysis=0.4

Communications (2) + Digital Systems 2 =0.6
Digital Systems (1)=0.4

Digital Systems Design + Industrial Electronics= 0.6
Communications (1) =0.4

Power Electronics + Controls =0.6
Controls =0.4

Project(H2) =1.6
Project(H1) =0.4

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